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Kolbert, Ph.D., LPC, NCC, is a Professor in the Counselor Education Program at Duquesne University. Kolbert is a certified school counselor and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Pennsylvania, and he is a National Certified Counselor (NCC). Kolbert teaches master's and doctoral counselor education courses, including: Introduction to School Counseling and Ethical Practices, Advanced School Counseling, Counseling and Consulting Theory, Lifespan Development and Counseling, Instructional Methods in Counselor Education, and Introduction to Marriage and Family Counseling. He has also taught at The College of William and Mary in Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, and Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania. Kolbert obtained his doctorate in counseling from The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.
He has worked as a school counselor, marriage and family counselor, substance abuse counselor, and mobile crisis counselor. Kolbert has authored publications in nationally refereed journals on a variety of topics, including bullying and bullying prevention, relational aggression, gender identity, and moral development. (2016, December). Parent consultation using solution-focused & structural theories. Presentation conducted at the annual meeting of the Pennsylvania School Counselors Association (PSCA), Hershey, PA Lamberto, R., & Kolbert, J. B., (2016, February).
The RAMP application process. Presentation conducted at the annual meeting of the Pennsylvania School Counselors Association (PSCA), Hershey, PA. Aulthouse, M., & Kolbert, J. (2016, February). Positive psychology and career development. Presentation conducted at the annual meeting of the Pennsylvania School Counselors Association (PSCA), Hershey, PA. S., Crothers, L.
M., Kolbert, J. B., Bundick, M. J., Buzgon, J. W., Nesson, L., Berbary, C., Senko, & Simpson, J.
(2015, August). Awareness of anti-bullying policies' inclusion of LGBTQ-specific language. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto. B., Hyatt-Burkhart, D., & Behun, J.
(2015, March). Clinical interventions with adolescents using a family systems approach. Presentation conducted at the annual meeting of the American Counseling Association, Orland, FL. (national peer reviewed) Fazzini, J., Thrower, J., Yeager, B., & Kolbert, J. (2014, December).
Bullying of LGBTQ students. Pennsylvania School Counselors Association Annual Conference, Seven Springs, PA. (peer reviewed) Buzgon, J. W., Wells, D. S., Stephenson, E. R., Berbary, C., Nesson, L., Griffin, A., Crothers, L. M., & Kolbert, J.
(2014, October). Bullying of LGBTQ students in southwestern Pennsylvania. Poster presented at the Association of School Psychologists of Pennsylvania fall conference, State College, PA. S., Buzgon, J.
W., Berbary, C., Griffin, A., Nesson, L., Woodarek, J., Crothers, L. M., Kolbert, J. B., & Schmitt, A. (2014, October). Cognitive correlates of relational and social aggression in an university sample.
Poster presented at the Association of School Psychologists of Pennsylvania Fall Conference, State College, PA. J., Cerrito, J., & Kolbert, J.
(2014, July). Recognizing and reporting child sexual abuse. Presented at the annual meeting of the American School Counselor Association, Orlando, FL (national peer reviewed) Field, J. E., Kolbert, J. B., & Crothers, L.
(2013, March). Whole-school methods to address bullying. Presentation conducted at the annual meeting of the American Counseling Association, Cincinnati, OH. (national peer reviewed) Mulcahy, M., Kolbert, J. B., & Crothers, L. (2013, March). The process and strategies LGBTQ students employ to establish an informal, school-based mentor in high school.
Poster session conducted at the annual meeting of the American Counseling Association, Cincinnati, OH. (national peer reviewed) Crothers, L. M., Kolbert, J.
B., Kanyongo, G. Y., Schmitt, A. J., Fenclau, E.,Albright, C. M., Woodarek, J., & Wells, D.
(2013, February). Relational and social aggression and reflective processing in late adolescence. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the National Association of School Psychologists, Seattle, WA.
M., Field, J. E., Kolbert, J. B., Kanyongo, G. Y., Buzgon, J.,Stephenson, E., & Fenclau, E. (2013, February). I dentity, cognitive processing, and relational and social aggression in adolescence. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the National Association of School Psychologists, Seattle, WA.
B., & Dalton, S. (2013, December). The Parent Involvement Model and bullying prevention.
Pennsylvania School Counselors Association Annual Conference, Lancaster, PA. (peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. B., & Crothers, L. (2012, March). The relationship between hyperfemininity and achievement of ego identity among college females. Presentation conducted at the annual meeting of the American Counseling Association, San Francisco, CA.
(national peer reviewed) Crothers, L. M., Kolbert, J. B., Field, J. E., & Hughes, T.
(2012, February). Presentation and efficacy of the Goodwill Girls and Boys curriculum.
Miniskills session presented at the annual meeting of the National Association of School Psychologists, Philadelphia, PA. (national peer reviewed) Clinton, A., Crothers, L. M, Kolbert, J. B., Hughes, T. L., Schreiber, J. B., Schmitt, A. J., Lipinski, J., V-zquez, G.
R., & Field, J. (2011, August). Megadeath - ddos tool download free software.
A cross-cultural investigation of relational and social aggression. Presentation conducted at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
(national peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. B., Crothers, L. M., & Field, J. (2011, March). Individual and familial interventions with perpetrators and victims of school bullying. American Counselors Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, LA. (national peer reviewed) Crothers, L.
M., Kanyongo, G. Y., Field, J.
E., Kolbert, J. B., Albright, C., Bell, G. R., Blasik, J. L., Debor, L., Fenclau, E., Paret, S., & Schwickrath, H.
(2010, August). The relationship between hyperfemininity and achievement of ego identity. Presentation conducted at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Diego, CA. (national peer reviewed) Field, J. E., Kolbert, J. B., & Crothers, L.
(2010, March). Untangling the web: Prevention and intervention for school bullying.
Presentation conducted at the American Counselors Association Annual Conference, Pittsburgh, PA. (national peer reviewed) Crothers, L. M., Kanyongo, G. Y., Field, J. E., Kolbert, J. B., Blasik, J., & Keener, D.
(2009, August). Job stress and locus of control in teachers: Comparisons between a United States' and Zimbabwean sample. Presentation conducted at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Canada. (national peer reviewed) Field, J., Kolbert, J. B., & Crothers, L. (2009, March). 'The girls-they go after each other': Prevention and intervention for girl bullying.
Presentation conducted at the American Counselors Association Annual Conference, Charlotte, NC. (national peer reviewed) Crothers, L. M., Schreiber, J. B., Keener, D., Bell, R., Blasik, J., Greisler, M., & Kolbert, J. (2008, August).
Gender identity and relational aggression in late adolescence. Presentation conducted at the American Psychological Association 116th Annual Convention, Boston, MA. (national peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. B., & Field, J. (2005, October).
Embracing warm and fuzzy: School counselors and Emotional intelligence. Presentation conducted at the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES) Conference, Pittsburgh, PA.
(national peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. (2005, April).
Counseling boys: Examining the emotional life and culture of boys and male adolescents. Presentation conducted at the American Counselors Association Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA. (national peer reviewed) Field, J.
E., Crothers, L. M., & Kolbert, J. (2003, July). I-ll die if you don-t love me: Ways for school counselors to promote healthy dating skills in adolescents. Presentation conducted at the Annual American School Counseling Association Conference, St. (national peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. B., & Brendel, J. (2002, March).
Dual relationships in academia: A qualitative analysis. Presentation conducted at the American Counselors Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana. (national peer reviewed) Foster, V. A., McAdams, C. R., Brendel, J. M., Loew, S., & Kolbert, J. A school-university collaboration model for multi-systemic family counseling.
Presentation conducted at the American Counseling Association World Conference, Orlando, FL. (national peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. Using Solution-Focused theory in consulting with parents. Pennsylvania School Counselors Association Annual Conference, Lancaster, PA. (peer reviewed) Kolbert, J.B. (2009, October).
Using Reality and Solution Focused theories to promote Academic achievement. Western Regional Pennsylvania School Counselors Association Conference. Youngwood, PA. (peer reviewed) Kolbert, J.
(2009, April). School-based consultation with parents using solution-focused & structural theories. Pennsylvania School Counselors Association Annual Conference, Hershey, PA. (peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. B., & Crothers, L.
(2004, April). Evolutionary psychology and bullying. Presentation conducted at the Pennsylvania School Counselors Association Annual Conference, Lancaster, PA. (peer reviewed) Nimatrea, N., & Kolbert, J. (2004, March).
Counseling incarcerated clients. Presentation conducted at the Kentucky Mental Health Counselors Association Annual Conference. (peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. B., & Crothers, L.
(2003, November). Evolutionary psychology and bullying.
Presentation conducted at the Western Regional Pennsylvania School Counselors Association Conference, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania. (peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. B., (2003, November).
Counseling boys. Presentation conducted at the Western Regional Pennsylvania School Counselors Association Conference, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania.
(peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. B., & Crothers, L. (2003, April).
Middle school childrens' and teachers' views on bullying and preferences for intervention strategies. Presentation conducted at the Pennsylvania School Counseling Association Conference, State College, Pennsylvania. (peer reviewed) Russo, M. F., Kolbert, J. B., & Kemmerer, A. (2002, April). Understanding the psychology of boys.
Presentation conducted at the Pennsylvania School Counselors Association Annual Conference, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.(peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. (2001, November). Counseling gay and lesbian students. Presentation conducted at the Western Regional Pennsylvania School Counselors Association Conference, Slippery Rock, PA. (peer reviewed) Russo, M. F., Kolbert, J.
B., & Kemmerer, A. (2001, October). Understanding the psychology of boys. Presentation conducted at the Pennsylvania Counselors Association Annual Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
(peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. (2001, October). Dual relationships in academia. Presentation conducted at the Pennsylvania Counselors Association Annual Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. (peer reviewed) Love, G., & Kolbert, J. (2001, April). Perspective-taking and pair therapy: Implications for school counselors.
Presentation conducted at the Pennsylvania School Counselors Association Annual Conference, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. (peer reviewed) Kemmerer, A., Kolbert, J. B., & Soeder, P.
(2001, April). How school counselors can address bullying effectively.
Presentation conducted at the Pennsylvania School Counselors Association Annual Conference, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. (peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. B., Moffett, C.F., Kolbert, C. T., & Towsey, M. (2000, November). Bullying prevention: Implementation of a middle school program.
Presentation conducted at the Virginia Counselors Association Annual Conference, Roanoke, VA.(peer reviewed) Kemmerer, A., Soeder, P., & Kolbert, J. (2000, October).
What counselors need to know about school bullying prevention. Presentation conducted at the Pennsylvania Counselors Association Annual Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. (peer reviewed) Moffett, C., F., Kolbert, J. B., & Towsey, M. Linking arms to save our youth.
Presentation conducted at the Virginia School Counselor Association Annual Conference, Fredericksburg, VA. (peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. B., Robertson, F., & Towsey, M. (1999, March).
Linking arms to save our youth. Presentation conducted at the Middle School Association Annual Conference, Norfolk, VA. (peer reviewed) Turner, D. B., & Kolbert, J. (1996, November). The training and supervision needs of family counseling interns.
Presentation conducted at the Virginia Counselors Association Convention, Roanoke, Virginia. (peer reviewed) Kolbert, J. (1996, October). Ph.D.: Current perceptions of the Ph.D. In counselor education. School of Education, The College of William and Mary, Annual Academic Festival, Williamsburg, Virginia. (peer reviewed) Kolbert, J.
B., Brendel, J. M., & Gressard, C. (1995, November).
Ph.D.: Practicality vs. Presentation conducted at the Southern Association for Counselor Education and Supervision Convention, Knoxville, Tennessee.(peer reviewed) Book Chapters.
M., Kolbert, J. B., & Hughes, T. Best practices in providing inservices for teachers and principals. Harrison & A. Thomas (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology: Data-based and collaborative decision making (pp. Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.
L., Kolbert, J. B., & Crothers, L. Best practices in behavioral/ecological consultation. Best practices in school psychology: Data-based and collaborative decision making (pp. Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists. M., Kolbert, J. B., Albright, C.
M., Hughes, T. L., & Wells, D. Neurological contributions to bullying behavior. Lipinski & L. Crothers (Eds.), Bullying in the workplace: Symptoms, causes, and remedies (pp. New York: Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group.
Fenclau, E., Albright, C. M., Crothers, L. M., & Kolbert, J. Schoolyard scuffles to conference room chaos: Bullying across the lifespan. Lipinski & L.
Crothers (Eds.), Bullying in the workplace: Symptoms, causes, and remedies (pp. New York: Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group. B., Crothers, L. M., & Wells, D.
Evolutionary psychological models for predicting bullying and implications for intervention. Lipinski & L.
Crothers (Eds.), Bullying in the workplace: Symptoms, causes, and remedies (pp. New York: Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group. S., Crothers, L. M., Kolbert, J. B., Tobin, R. M., & Schmitt, A.
Strategies for treating bullies. Lipinski & L. Crothers (Eds.), Bullying in the workplace: Symptoms, causes, and remedies (pp.
New York: Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group. R., Crothers, L.
M., Kolbert, J. B., & Hughes, T. Relational and social bullying and callous-unemotional traits. Helfgott (Ed.), Criminal Psychology, Volumes 1-4 (Volume 4, Implications for Juvenile Justice, Corrections, and Reentry (pp.
Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. & Crothers, L.
Introduction to understanding and managing behaviors of children with psychological disorders: A reference for classroom for classroom teachers. Crothers (Eds.), Understanding and managing behaviors of children with psychological disorders (pp. New York: Continuum. M., Crothers, L. M., & Kolbert, J. Understanding and managing behaviors of chlildren diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders.
Crothers (Eds.), Understanding and managing behaviors of childen with psychological disorders (pp. M., Fenclau, E., Albright, C. M., & Kolbert, J. Understanding and managing behaviors of children involved bully/victim conflicts.
Crothers (Eds.), Understanding and managing behaviors of children with psychological disorders (pp. New York: Continuum. M., Hughes, T. L., Crothers, L. M., & Kolbert, J. Understanding and managing behaviors of children diagnosed with eating disorders.
Crothers (Eds.), Understanding and managing behaviors of children with psychological disorders (pp. New York: Continuum. & Kolbert, J. Conclusion: Promoting and maintaining intervention success when working with children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders. Crothers (Eds.), Understanding and managing behaviors of children with psychological disorders (pp.
New York: Continuum. & Kolbert, J. Teachers' management of student bullying in the classroom. Swearer, & D.
Espelage (Eds.), Handbook of bullying in schools: An international perspective (pp. New York: Routlege.
Just leave me alone. Henderson (Eds.), Case studies in school counseling. New York: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall. & Kolbert, J. Enhancing emotional intelligence in parents: The professional school counselor's role. Pelliteri, R.
Ackerman (Eds.), Emotionally intelligent school counseling (pp. Mawhwah, NJ: Erlbaum. & Kolbert, J. Counseling incarcerated clients. Devaney (Eds.), Counseling multicultural and diverse populations: Practical strategies for counselors (pp. New York: Taylor & Francis.
B., Williams, R., Morgan, L., Crothers, L. M., & Hughes, T. Introduction to professional school counseling: Advocacy, leadership, and intervention. ISBN: 978-0-415-74675-5 (hardback) ISBN: 978-0-415-74674-8 (paperback) ISBN: 978-315-79744-1 (ebook) Kolbert, J. & Crothers, L. Understanding and managing behaviors of children with psychological disorders.
New York: Continuum Books. ISBN: 978-1-4411-5836-9 (paperback) Field, J. E., Kolbert, J. B., Crothers, L.
M., & Hughes, T. Understanding girl bullying and what to do about it: Healing the divide. Thousands Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. ISBN: 978-1-4129-6488-3 (paperback).
IAZ008010-018-019-029-MNZ086-087-094-095-182100- /O.CON.KARX.WI.Y.0001.1Z-1Z/ Mitchell-Howard-Winneshiek-Floyd-Chickasaw-Fayette-Dodge-Olmsted- Mower-Fillmore- Including the cities of Osage, Cresco, Decorah, Charles City, New Hampton, Oelwein, Dodge Center, Rochester, Austin, and Preston 711 AM CST Sun Feb 18 2018.WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 3 PM CST THIS AFTERNOON. TIMING.Mid morning through mid afternoon. WINDS.South winds 20 to 30 mph, gusting to 45 mph. IMPACTS.Difficult travel for high-profile and lightweight vehicles, especially on west to east oriented roads. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS. A Wind Advisory means that sustained winds of 30 mph or wind gusts of 45 mph or stronger are expected.
Winds this strong can make driving difficult.especially for high profile vehicles. Use extra caution. IAZ008-018-MNZ079-086-087-094-WIZ032-181800- /O.NEW.KARX.WW.Y.0007.1Z-1Z/ Mitchell-Floyd-Wabasha-Dodge-Olmsted-Mower-Buffalo- Including the cities of Osage, Charles City, Wabasha, Dodge Center, Rochester, Austin, and Alma 348 AM CST Sun Feb 18 2018.WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 6 PM CST TUESDAY. WHAT.Mixed precipitation expected, including freezing rain. Total snow accumulation of up to one inch and ice accumulations of up to two tenths of an inch are expected. WHERE.Portions of west central Wisconsin, north central Iowa and southeast Minnesota. WHEN.From midnight tonight to 6 PM CST Tuesday.
ADDITIONAL DETAILS.Minor power outages and tree damage are possible. Travel will be hazardous due to icy roads, including during the morning commute on Monday. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS. A Winter Weather Advisory means that periods of snow, sleet or freezing rain will cause travel difficulties. Be prepared for slippery roads and limited visibilities, and use caution while driving.
The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can be obtained by calling 5 1 1.
Contents. Youth and education Kolbert spent her early childhood in, New York; her family then relocated to, where she remained until 1979. After graduating from, Kolbert spent four years studying literature. In 1983, she was awarded a to study at the, in Germany.
Career Elizabeth Kolbert started working for as a in Germany in 1983. In 1985, she went to work for the Metro desk. Kolbert served as the Times' Albany bureau chief from 1988 to 1991, and wrote the Metro Matters column from 1997 to 1998. Since 1999, she has been a staff-writer for. She received a in 2006. She served as a judge for the in 2012.
She received the Sam Rose and Julie Walters Prize for Global Environmental Activism at Dickinson College in 2016. Personal life Kolbert resides in, with her husband, John Kleiner, and three sons. She appeared on on February 11, 2014, to discuss her book The Sixth Extinction.
Awards. 2005 American Association for the Advancement of Science Journalism Award. 2006 National Magazine Award for Public Interest. 2006 Lannan Literary Fellowship. 2006 National Academies Communication Award. 16th Annual (with special focus on global change), 2010. 2010 National Magazine Award for Commentary.
2010 Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship in Science Writing. for General Nonfiction. 2016 Sam Rose '58 and Julie Walters Prize at Dickinson College for Environmental Activism.
2017 SEAL Environmental Journalism Award Bibliography. This list is; you can help. Books. Kolbert, Elizabeth (2004).
The prophet of love: and other tales of power and deceit. New York: Bloomsbury. New York: Bloomsbury. Kolbert, Elizabeth and Francis Spufford, eds. The ends of the Earth: an anthology of the finest writing on the Arctic and the Antarctic. New York: Bloomsbury. CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter.
Kolbert, Elizabeth, ed. The Best American science and nature writing 2009. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Preface to anthology (, 2011). (February 11, 2014) Essays and reporting.
Kolbert, Elizabeth (March 29, 2010). Postcard from Vermont. 86 (6): 42–43. Retrieved September 30, 2014. — (October 21, 2013). The New Yorker.
89 (33): 96–99. — (December 16, 2013). Annals of Extinction. The New Yorker. 89 (41): 28–38.
— (December 23–30, 2013). Annals of Extinction. The New Yorker. 89 (42): 48–56. — (July 28, 2014). Annals of Alimentation. 90 (21): 26–29.
Retrieved September 30, 2014. — (December 22–29, 2014).
Annals of Extermination. 90 (41): 120–126, 128–129. Retrieved March 31, 2015. — (February 16, 2015).
Letter from Berlin. 91 (1): 24–30. Retrieved 2015-05-30. — (August 8–15, 2016). The Talk of the Town. The Pictures.
The New Yorker. 92 (24): 21–22. — (October 24, 2016). Letter from Greenland. Retrieved 2016-10-18.
— (December 19–26, 2016). The New Yorker.
92 (42): 114–118. References. Pulitzer citation. ^. Retrieved March 27, 2009. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
March 30, 2017. October 15, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
November 14, 2012, at the.,. The Heinz Awards. The Heinz Awards. Retrieved August 26, 2016. Archived from on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
Retrieved 2017-10-12. World Archipelago. Online version is titled 'Morgan Freeman's 'Ben-Hur'. Online version is titled 'Our automated future'. Further reading. Marina, Gosnell (March 16, 2006). The New York Times.
Review of Field notes from a catastrophe. External links., (NRDC) 2006. on.
576.8/4 QE721.2.E97 K65 2014 Preceded by Text at the book publisher's website The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History is a 2014 book written by and published. The book argues that the is in the. In the book, Kolbert chronicles previous mass, and compares them to the accelerated, widespread extinctions during our present time. She also describes specific extinguished by humans, as well as the surrounding and near-present extinction events.
The author received the for the book in 2015. The is the, and are rendered in understandable prose. The writing blends explanations of her treks to remote areas with interviews of scientists, researchers, and guides, without advocating a position, in pursuit of objectivity. Hence, the sixth mass extinction theme is applied to and existing in diverse, such as the, the, the, and the author's own backyard. The book also applies this theme to a number of other habitats and organisms throughout the world. After researching the current mainstream view of the relevant science, Kolbert estimates flora and fauna loss by the end of the to be between 20% to 50% 'of all living species on earth'. Main article: Kolbert equates current, general unawareness of this issue to previous widespread disbelief of it during the centuries preceding the late 1700s; at that time, it was believed that had never occurred.
It was also believed there were no natural forces powerful enough to extinguish species. Likewise, in our own time, the possible finality presented by this issue results in. But scientific studies have shown that human behavior disrupts Earth's balanced and interconnected systems, 'putting our own survival in danger.'
Consequently, the currently affected are: the, the, the ocean's, (and its effect on ), and, plant destruction by /non-indigenous fauna or, heat regulation by the Earth's ice, and so on. The contributes to this disruption – even without intending to – because of our innate capabilities to alter the planet at this stage of our cultural evolution; for instance, we now have the ability to harness energy from beneath the. Also have the ability to adapt relatively quickly to almost any on this planet's surface. Other species, however, have a hard time relocating to new, suitable.
They are unable to migrate ahead of current rapid ecological changes, or are hampered by artificial barriers such as roadways, and, which increase discontinuity between viable habitats throughout the world. Background is a for magazine. She is the author of, as well as several other books. Her writing focuses on the effects of humans and civilization on our planet's. Much of her writing involves her experiences of various locations, as noted above.
Previously, she was a reporter for the. Kolbert resides in with her husband and children, and she writes in her home office across from in Massachusetts. Pertaining to this book, Kolbert has been interviewed by national news and media organizations. Kolbert's decision to write this book was influenced by a 2008 paper, titled, 'Are we in the midst of the sixth mass extinction? A view from the world of amphibians.' Subsequently, Kolbert wrote an article for The New Yorker, titled (similarly to her eventual book), 'The Sixth Extinction?'
Researching this article involved -hunting in. She then realized, 'I hadn't scratched the surface, that there was a book there.' Summary of chapters Chapter 1: The Sixth Extinction The ancestors of crawled out of water around 400 million years ago.
250 million years ago, frogs were the earliest representation of what would become the modern amphibian orders. Amphibians have been on Earth for longer than or; they were even here before. Recently, it has been reported that the extinction rate of frogs is increasing. Based on observed extinction rates far beyond expected, we can predict that an event of a catastrophic nature is headed our way. A decade ago, were plentiful in numbers and easy to find around Panama. However, within the past couple of years, the frogs started to disappear. Kolbert states that studies by the in, and a at the, have identified the reason for the increased mortality of Panamanian frogs as a type of fungus.
However, Chytrid fungi are not naturally found in Panama. This left a puzzling question: how did the get to Panama? Evidence indicates that humans were instrumental in how the fungus traveled. Kolbert uses the frog-fungus relationship as a symbol of how humans are introducing to various environments, where native species would normally have the proper distribution of for their environment. Chapter 2: The Mastodon's Molars Kolbert explains how fossils of the American ( Mammut americanum) shaped 's views on.
According to Cuvier, there was no reason the mastodon should have died out. The mastodon was large enough to avoid, had large enough teeth to consume an abrasive diet, and had other that should have increased its chances of survival. Cuvier concluded there must have been sudden and violent natural catastrophes that caused mass extinctions of viable species. Kolbert uses the mastodon as a symbol for the idea that is an important mechanism of extinction. Chapter 3: The Original Penguin The was a large flightless bird that lived in the Northern Hemisphere. It had a large, intricately grooved beak. When the first settlers arrived in, the auk population was probably in the millions.
However, the settlers found the auks to be “very good and nourishing meat.” They also used their oily bodies for fuel and fish bait, and their feathers for stuffing mattresses. Despite attempts at protecting the species, by 1844, the last auks were killed. Kolbert uses the great auk as a symbol of how human of resources is another important mechanism of extinction.
Chapter 4: The Luck of the Ammonites Kolbert explains that the main cause of the was not the impact of the itself. It was the dust created by the impact. The debris from the impact incinerated anything in its path. She states that it is impossible to estimate the full extent of the various species that died out due to this catastrophe. However, one class of animals we know did not die out because of the effects of the asteroid's impact, are the. Kolbert explains that, even though ammonites were 'fit' for their current environment, a single moment can completely change which traits are advantageous and which are lethal.
Chapter 5: Welcome to the Anthropocene Kolbert uses the extinction of and other to explain as a mechanism for extinction. She then explains how, when levels in the air are high, there typically is accompanying increase in temperatures and. Right around the time graptolites became extinct, carbon dioxide levels dropped. Temperatures fell and sea levels plummeted. This caused a change in the chemistry of the ocean, which had a devastating impact on life forms. Kolbert states that human activity has transformed between a third and a half of land surface on the planet.
We have dammed most of the major rivers of world, increased levels of higher than can be fixed naturally by terrestrial ecosystems, used more than half of the world's readily accessible freshwater, removed more than one third of the of the oceans' coastal waters, and changed the composition of the atmosphere by and combustion. Chapter 6: The Sea Around Us Since the beginning of the, we have seen increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere at an alarming rate. Difference windows vista x86 x64. Studies show we have added approximately 365 billion tons of it by burning fossil fuels, and an additional 180 billion tons as a result of deforestation.
We add another 9 billion tons or so a year, an amount that has been increasing 6% annually. Essentially, we have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air to higher than it has been in the last several million years. Some of this carbon dioxide is being absorbed by our oceans to create.
This is lowering the of our ocean and killing much of our marine life. Kolbert uses the drastic decline in life forms around the as a warning sign of what is to come if we continue to increase carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Chapter 7: Dropping Acid support thousands of species by providing food and protection.
Subsequently, many species have co-evolved with corals. Due to, it is very possible that corals will become extinct by the end of the century. Prior to the industrial revolution, underwater reefs had an saturation state between 4 and 5. However, if current remain as they are today, by 2060, there will no longer be a region above 3.5.
This will lead to an increase in energy needed for. This extra energy that will eventually be expended on calcification is currently vital to corals, as they use it to recover from being eaten away by marine species and battered by waves. Thus, ocean acidification is a mechanism of extinction. Chapter 8: The Forest and the Trees is most commonly seen as a threat to cold-loving species. As temperatures rise, the ice at the and will melt. Any living thing that depends on the ice will be faced with extreme challenges that could ultimately drive them to extinction. Kolbert points out that the poles are not the only places affected by global warming, and that other areas have much higher.
She discusses the work of scientists who have used measures of to model possible effects of global warming. The extent to which species are mobile and can relocate to new areas, in response to shifting climate conditions, is predicted to be a significant factor in possible species extinction. This has particular importance for and other species. Even more difficult to estimate is the extent to which ecological communities of species will be able to tolerate disruptive changes. Chapter 9: Islands on Dry Land Kolbert points out how everything in life is interconnected, and discusses the importance of. Over time, fragmentation of environmental areas leads to a in the number of species in an area. This occurs, in part, because the size of such 'islands' is too small to support a stable number of species members.
Also, smaller populations are more vulnerable to chance events. In addition, the disconnection of islands makes it more difficult for species to reach and recolonize them. One researcher describes this as 'an obstacle course for the dispersal of biodiversity.' : 189 Kolbert also notes that the habits of many species can be highly specialized to their environment. She explains that one minor change can cause a in various ecological systems. Chapter 10: The New Pangaea Kolbert points out that there is an, in which each species must be equipped to defend against their potential predators, and need to be more fit than their competition. A species has no defense if it encounters a new,.
This can be extremely deadly, as it was in the case of American killed by the fungus. Another example of this occurred in the 1800s. The was the dominant tree in eastern American forests. Then, a fungus ( ) started to cause. It was nearly 100% lethal.
This fungus was unintentionally imported to the U.S. Kolbert then explains that global trade and travel are creating a virtual ', in which species of all kinds are being redistributed beyond historical geographic barriers. This furthers the first chapter's idea that invasive species are a mechanism of extinction. Chapter 11: The Rhino Gets an Ultrasound The was once so abundant in numbers it was considered an.
However, as 's forests were cut down, the rhino's habitat became fragmented. In the 1900s, the rhino population had been shrunk to just a few hundred. A captive breeding program was widely regarded as a failure and resulted in the deaths of several rhinos, and it was decades before a single baby was born. Today, there are only forty living Sumatran rhinos. Kolbert uses this rhino species to illustrate as another mechanism of extinction. Chapter 12: The Madness Gene Europe was home to the for at least 100,000 years. Then, about 30,000 years ago, the Neanderthals vanished.
Fossil records show that modern humans arrived in Europe 40,000 years ago. Within 10,000 years, Neanderthals were bred out. Through, we have found that there is 1% to 4% percent Neanderthal DNA in all non-African humans. This indicates that humans and Neanderthals reproduced, and then the resulting reproduced. The pattern continued until Neanderthals were literally bred out.
Kolbert states there is every reason to believe that Neanderthals would still exist if it weren't for humans. Chapter 13: The Things with Feathers Kolbert concludes with hope in humanity, pointing to various efforts to conserve or preserve species. Whether meaning to or not, we are deciding which evolutionary pathways will be shut off forever, and which can be left open to flourish. Sources Some sources for the book include The Song of the Dodo by, The Ghost With Trembling Wings by, and reports from, a.
The pioneering studies of and are also referenced. The book's title is similar to a 1995 book title, The Sixth Extinction: Patterns of Life and the Future of Humankind by and. Also included are excerpts from interviews of a forest, atmospheric scientist, and experts, a modern-day geologist, and fungus research in and. Awards and honors. 2014 (General Nonfiction) finalist. 2014 Top Ten Book.
2015 See also. Pulitzer citation. ^ Gore, Al (vice president of the United States from 1993 to 2001) (2014-02-10). Retrieved 2014-07-10.
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New York Times. Retrieved 2014-02-13. ^ Hannibal, Mary Ellen (2014-02-09). New York:, Inc. Retrieved 2014-02-13. ^ Darwall, Rupert (2014-02-14). The Wall Street Journal.
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Well, not so anyone would notice, with all the fun of seeing Steven, who looks so unprepossessing, facing up to all the commanding animals. Is Burningham sneaking an arithmetic lesson in between lines? And a doughnut), and an elephant--whom Steven leaves with his trunk stuck in a letter box, reaching for the crisps. The shopping basket john burningham ebook login.
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January 19, 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2015. For a distinguished and appropriately documented book of nonfiction by an American author that is not eligible for consideration in any other category, Ten thousand dollars ($10,000).
Awarded to 'The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History,' by Elizabeth Kolbert (Henry Holt), an exploration of nature that forces readers to consider the threat posed by human behavior to a world of astonishing diversity. External links.